According to Klance and Ames, the "impostor syndrome" is the "inner experience of intellectual falsity" in people who cannot digest their success. They concluded that the "syndrome" has six characteristics The impostor cycle. The desire to be special or to be the best. The superman/superwoman aspect. Fear of mistakes or failure. Denying one's competence and ignoring praise. Fear and guilt about one's own success. year. Harvey and Katz defined "impostor syndrome" as "a psychological pattern rooted in a strong and hidden sense of oneself as a fraud when something needs to be accomplished.
In their opinion, the "imposter syndrome" should have three signs The belief that you are deceiving other people. Fear of being exposed. Failure to recognize one's accomplishments, abilities, intelligence, or qualifications. year. Koligian and Sternberg proposed the term "perceived fraud" to avoid confusion between "impostor syndrome" and common fraud. They considered the "imposter syndrome" not an Switzerland WhatsApp Number List emotional disorder, but a combination of cognitive and affective elements, that is, a fixed pattern of thinking. year. Kets de Vries studied the phenomenon of deception and included the "impostor syndrome" in it. He considered deception a social norm — because we are supposed to hide our weaknesses and keep within the framework of generally accepted standards of behavior.
According to Kets de Vries, going beyond the limits gives rise to two extremes unethical deception banal fraud and neurotic deception i.e. "impostor syndrome" . Let's consider what he meant by the norm and extremes. Norm. Each of us is an impostor, because we strive to conform to certain ideas of the environment and demonstrate a public self that is different from the real us. Real imposters. Put on a false identity to deceive others and take pleasure when they succeed. Such people may have a real fear of exposure. Neurotic imposters. Their experience of cheating is subjective, meaning they are not doing anything truly unacceptable.